French President Emmanuel Macron's recent visit to Morocco signifies a significant change in France's diplomatic strategy towards North Africa.
This visit, which took place after a six-year gap, demonstrates a concerted effort to mend and strengthen relations with Morocco, a country with deep historical ties to France. The warm reception from King Mohammed VI suggests a rekindling of friendship between the two nations.
This diplomatic engagement comes at a time when relations have been strained, particularly due to France's previous focus on Algeria. The backdrop of this renewed engagement is complex, rooted in a shared history that includes Morocco's status as a French protectorate for 44 years. Unlike Algeria, which experienced a violent struggle for independence, the memories of colonialism in Morocco are less contentious, allowing for a more amicable relationship.
However, recent tensions have arisen, particularly over issues such as alleged espionage by Morocco against French officials and the matter of deportations. Macron's overtures towards Morocco have not gone unnoticed in Algeria, where the leadership has reacted with discontent. The French president's previous attempts to foster closer ties with Algeria have had limited success, as anti-French sentiment remains prevalent under President Abdelmadjid Tebboune's administration.
This diplomatic balancing act has proven challenging for Paris, especially as Algeria's leadership canceled a planned visit to France in response to Macron's acknowledgment of Morocco's sovereignty over Western Sahara. The ongoing conflict over Western Sahara, where Morocco has been at odds with the Algeria-backed Frente Polisario, further complicates the geopolitical landscape in North Africa. France's historical silence on this issue, previously maintained to avoid upsetting Algeria, has shifted with Macron's recent statements. This change has not only angered Algerian officials but has also highlighted the pragmatic reasons behind France's strategic pivot towards Morocco, as economic ties between France and Morocco are significantly stronger than those with Algeria.
The economic dimensions of Macron's visit are equally significant, as France aims to strengthen trade and investment relations with Morocco. The French delegation included numerous business representatives, and agreements worth approximately 10 billion euros were signed during the visit. This economic partnership is crucial for both nations, as Morocco has emerged as a key player in the region, particularly in light of France's diminishing presence in the Sahel.
Macron's administration recognizes the migration challenges facing France, with Moroccans and Algerians often facing deportation orders. Improved cooperation in consular matters, particularly regarding deportations, is a priority for the French government. The hope is that a strengthened relationship with Morocco will facilitate a more effective approach to managing migration issues, which have become increasingly pressing in the wake of rising populism in France.
As France reassesses its role in the Sahel, Morocco's growing influence in the region presents new opportunities for strategic partnerships. Over the past two years, France has had to reduce its military presence in several Sahelian states, creating a vacuum that Morocco can fill. Macron envisions "new strategic partnerships" with Sahel countries, leveraging Morocco's regional relationships to enhance stability and security.
The evolving dynamics in North Africa and the Sahel highlight the importance of diplomatic agility. Macron's outreach to Morocco aims to repair past grievances and establish a framework for future cooperation that addresses economic and security concerns. The implications of this diplomatic realignment will be closely monitored by analysts and policymakers, particularly in light of the broader challenges facing France in its former colonies.