Income inequality is a global issue that hinders sustainable development and has negative effects on poverty reduction, economic growth, access to education and opportunities, and social cohesion.

Measurement of Wealth Distribution

The Gini index is used to measure wealth distribution, with scores above 40 indicating high levels of inequality.

Regional Disparities

Latin America and the Caribbean have the highest number of countries with Gini indices above 40, with Colombia and Brazil being the most unequal. Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Southern Africa, also faces significant income inequality.

Vulnerable Regions

Low- and middle-income countries, as well as politically fragile or conflict-affected regions, are more prone to high income inequality. In contrast, Northern, Eastern, and Central Europe have some of the lowest Gini indices globally.

Global Population Distribution

Currently, the majority of the global population resides in economies with moderate inequality.

Addressing Income Inequality

Addressing income inequality requires policy interventions such as progressive taxation, improved access to education, and targeted social programs.

Complex Relationship with Economic Growth

The relationship between income inequality and economic growth is complex, with arguments for both positive and negative impacts.

Promoting Equity and Social Cohesion

Governments, international organizations, and civil society must work together to prioritize policies that promote equity and social cohesion.