Saudi Arabia and its allies successfully resisted climate progress at COP29, particularly regarding fossil fuels. They secured a climate finance deal that will allocate $300 billion annually to developing countries by 2035, but did not commit to transitioning away from fossil fuels.
The negotiations at COP29 highlighted the divide between wealthy and developing nations, particularly concerning financial commitments. The Saudi delegate proposed doubling the initial proposed fund amount, showcasing their negotiating prowess.
Saudi Arabia has historically opposed including fossil fuels in climate talks and has used procedural objections to delay discussions on emissions reduction. They argue that the focus should remain on financial commitments rather than fossil fuels.
Climate advocates are concerned that without addressing emissions, financial investments alone will not be enough to combat climate change. The potential return of a less engaged US administration could complicate future climate talks, and the role of Saudi Arabia will be pivotal in shaping the outcomes.
The absence of a commitment to transition away from fossil fuels sets a challenging precedent for future negotiations. COP30 in Brazil is expected to have a different dynamic with a progressive government, but the influence of fossil fuel-dependent states, including Saudi Arabia, will need to be countered by progressive nations.
The debate over the role of fossil fuels in climate policy highlights the complexities of international climate negotiations. The challenge is to reconcile financial commitments with the need to reduce emissions. The outcomes of COP29 serve as a reminder of the diplomatic challenges involved in these discussions.