Ethereum, the second-largest cryptocurrency by market cap, has undergone significant upgrades, transitioning from Proof-of-Work to Proof-of-Stake, enhancing decentralization, security, and scalability. Recent price fluctuations have seen ETH trading around $3,855.4, influenced by market dynamics and gas fees, which have dropped post-upgrade. With a market cap of $464.4 billion and a 24-hour trading volume of $36.1 billion, Ethereum continues to lead in smart contract innovation amidst a competitive landscape.